by Mat Sorensen | Sep 20, 2021 | Real Estate & Alternative Asset Investing , Retirement & IRAs, Tax & Legal Updates and Policy Changes, Tax Planning, Uncategorized
There are over one million IRA accounts that invest into real estate, small businesses, start-ups, LLCs, crowdfunding offerings, and private companies. Contrary to news headlines, these savers are not the ultra-wealthy and 98% of them have accounts less than $1M. Current legislation passed in the House Committee on Ways and Means would significantly limit investment choices for these savers who choose to diversify their retirement holdings in assets they value and believe in. The bill will effectively cut off IRA investments into small businesses, start-ups, real estate (using an IRA/LLC), and crowdfunding. Any IRA investor who is already invested into these assets, there are hundreds of thousands, will be forced to sell their asset prematurely or will be forced to distribute it. Early distribution will result in taxes and penalties for most IRA investors that aren’t yet at retirement age.
The proposed House Tax bill has several provisions that affect IRAs but most of them will only affect the very wealthy, cap IRA account balances at $10M (Section 138301), or those who have violated the IRA rules (Section 138313, Section 138315). The policy and political objectives on these provisions makes sense as the bill is designed to curb abuses and raise revenue from the wealthy. Unfortunately, two additional sections added into the bill are going to hurt everyday IRA savers who choose to invest into small businesses, start-ups, crowdfunding offerings, and real estate with an IRA owned LLC. My experience after 15 years in the industry is that those who self-direct their IRA aren’t “wealthy”. They are hard-working Americans trying to catch up to the wealthy by investing in assets and companies they know and believe in.
Two Sections Will Drastically Impact Savers with Small Accounts Who Are Trying to Catch Up to The Wealthy
Unfortunately, the bill contains two sections that will affect everyday IRA savers who choose to self-direct their IRAs into real estate (using LLCs or private funds), small businesses, start-ups, and crowdfunding offerings. It appears that the bill was intended to curb investments made by Peter Theil in growing his Roth IRA to $5 billion. Mr. Theil’s account was reported on by ProPublica and followed closely by democrats in Congress. The bill will curb Peter Theil’s $5B Roth IRA with the $10M cap, but these two problematic provisions are going to harm hundreds of thousands of everyday IRA investors who are only trying to get an IRA to an amount they can retire on. Congress needs the help of self-directed IRA investors and savers to understand that investment choices (not just Wall Street) are important to their IRA and that investing in small businesses, private companies and funds, real estate with an IRA/LLC, and crowdfunding offerings isn’t just something the ultra-wealthy do.
Section 138312 Should Be Removed from the Bill – This section prohibits investments in IRAs when the investment is permitted based on asset or income levels of the investor. This prohibition would effectively ban crowdfunding offerings under federal and state crowdfunding laws (investment amounts under these offerings is based on income or assets, and it’s not just accredited investors). Most crowdfunding investors who use their IRA to invest will invest $5K or $10K at a time and will invest their IRA in companies, people, and innovations they believe in. These retirement savers are everyday working Americans, many of whom make less than $100K a year but will likely be restricted under the legislation as crowdfunding investment amounts are based on income or assets.
This section, if enacted, will also hurt small businesses and innovating start-ups who raise money from accredited investors. Accredited investors are only permitted to invest into private companies, private funds, start-ups, and small businesses because they qualify under securities laws based on their income or assets. If enacted, the IRA laws will say the exact opposite and will say if you qualify to invest under securities laws then you can’t invest under IRA laws. I know, it doesn’t make sense but that’s how the law will be applied. Most IRA savers who we work with and who have invested as an accredited investor into a private offering or fund are working Americans who have saved and who have been able to obtain $1M in total assets over a decade of working and saving and who wish to build their retirement account by investing and diversifying into small businesses, start-ups, and private companies.
Section 138314 Should Be Removed from the Bill – This section prohibits several activities but the most destructive would affect retirement savers who buy real estate with their IRA. The most common real estate investment for an IRA saver is a single-family rental property. There are hundreds of thousands of single-family rentals owned by IRA savers and most of them use a structure known as an IRA/LLC, whereby their IRA owns an LLC 100% and the LLC in turn owns the single-family rental. The IRA owner is typically the manager (officer) of said LLC. Some IRA providers require their account holders to use an LLC when their IRA is buying real estate as they don’t want liability as the IRA provider in holding the asset directly. Under current law, the IRA owner cannot be compensated and cannot work on the property and has zero personal ownership interest but serves in an administrative and management function to sign on things for the LLC that owns the property. This section, it appears, would prohibit an IRA owner from serving as an officer of a company (LLC) that their IRA owns more than 10% of. If this provision passes, IRA savers will be forced to hire financial advisors, tax lawyers, or other professionals to manage (service as officer) their IRA owned LLCs that own real estate. This is something the ultra-wealthy already do and as a result it will only harm working Americans doing these actions for themselves who are trying to build an IRA they can retire on. If passed, the only other method for IRA real estate savers, or others who use an IRA/LLC, is they will need to give control back to their IRA companies to manager the real estate asset. This will increase fees and expenses, further hurting hard-working Americans and will take investment control away from the IRA saver.
What Can I Do to Save My IRA?
The entire industry is working diligently to educate Congress on how these two sections will disproportionately harm IRA savers, 98% of whom have IRAs less than $1M, and 80% who have IRAs less than $300k. I have spoken to multiple members of Congress, Senator staffers, and industry groups this past week. Industry efforts will not be enough. The only way these two sections will be removed is if Congress hears from IRA savers who will be affected. Congress needs to hear from you, their constituents, on how these two sections of the bill impact you.
This is moving fast, write and call your Senators and House member today.
Contact Your House Representative by phone, e-mail, and/or mail? You can look up your representative at the House of Representatives link below and then will need to go to their office’s specific page to get their e-mail, phone, and mailing address.
https://www.house.gov/representatives/find-your-representative
Contact Both of Your Senators by phone, e-mail and/or mail? If you don’t know your Senators (contact both), you can look them up at the link below and then go to their office’s specific page to get their e-mail, phone, and mailing address.
https://www.senate.gov/senators/senators-contact.htm
Once you select your state your two senators should pop-up and there will be a hyperlink called Contact next to each Senator that will take you to their office’s page to make contact by e-mail, web-form, or phone.
Remember, the two problematic sections of the House Tax Bill are sections 138312 and 138314.
FAQs
1. What Should I tell my House Representative or my Senator?
Ask them to save your IRA and to oppose Sections 138312 and 138314 in the House Tax Bill as those provisions take away investment choices for your IRA. It is critical that you let them know the following.
- That you are their constituent. Give your address or leave your City and State so they know they represent you (e.g. I’m Sally Jones from Glendale, AZ).
- There is a misconception in Congress that self-directed IRAs are only something the wealthy do and that this only hurts the wealthy. It’s helpful to be straightforward about who you are and about the size of your account. They need to know that this bill is going to disproportionately hurt IRA savers with IRAs less than $1M. Here are some examples but it may help to put it into your own words and situation explaining how you’re not an ultra-wealthy person using their IRA to invest in hedge funds (that’s what they presume).
- I’m a working American with a $X IRA just trying to get to an account balance I can retire on. Sections 138312 and 138314 in the House Tax Bill will harm my IRA and my ability to grow a retirement account that I can retire and live on.
- I’m a pilot, nurse, retired firefighter, realtor, etc. (insert profession or job so Congress doesn’t think this is just CEOs, doctors, lawyers, and wealthy heirs), and I have diligently contributed to my retirement account. I choose to invest some of my IRA into real estate, small businesses, start-ups, and crowdfunding offerings. These provisions will force me to sale my assets prematurely for a loss or will force me to distribute them where I will be subject to taxes and penalties. Please oppose Sections 138312 and 138314 as they will cause drastic tax consequences for my IRA ,and they will take away future investment choices that are important to growing my account to an amount I can retire on.
- If you think the $10M cap is reasonable, say that so Congress doesn’t presume you’re an ultra-rich person with a $10M plus IRA (like some in Congress presume anyone opposing this bill is). We’re not opposing the $10M cap in our efforts as it effects very few account holders who self-direct.
2. This bill came from the Democrats in the House, Should I contract Republicans or Democrats?
Contract members of Congress from both parties in both the House and Senate. Since this is a democrat-controlled bill (they have majority in the house and senate), it is critical that you write and call your members who are democrats as they are the ones that will negotiate this bill in the end. Republicans have already come out in opposition to the bill in its entirety. It is still helpful to contact Republican members though as they may have a say or may have democratic colleagues who they can help understand this issue in a bipartisan way.
3. How Quickly is this Bill Moving and When Should I Write or Call my Representative or Senator?
You must reach out today. Right now. Take the time now to call, e-mail, and/or mail your Representative and Senator. This bill is being negotiated and voted on now. It could all be wrapped up in one to two weeks but if Congress doesn’t start hearing from self-directed IRA owners now, they won’t understand the issue and how it is going to affect their constituents.
4. What should I do if I am already invested into a LLC I manage without compensation or if I have invested into a private company, small business, private fund or crowdfund offering?
As the bill is currently written, you will be forced to distribute these assets (IRA/LLCs, private company or fund, small business, crowdfunding investment) within two years. We don’t want that to happen as we know it will cause losses, taxes, and penalties to distribute or sell these assets prematurely. The best thing to do is make your voice heard and contact your members of Congress and ask them to save your IRA and not take away investment choices from your IRA.
We are working to educate Congress on how these two sections will disproportionately harm IRA savers, 98% of whom have IRAs less than $1M, and 80% who have IRAs less than $300k. We need you to get engaged and the best method for Congress and their Staffs to understand a bills impact is to hear it from their constituents. This is moving fast, write your Senator or House member today.
5. What if I am looking to invest in a private company, small business, or crowdfunding offering, or use an IRA/LLC for a real estate deal?
You’ll want to seek our your own legal or tax advice but should consider the current bill and how it will affect your future investment options. If the bill passes you will have two years to sell, distribute, or change you investment structure to comply with the new law. We are working hard to get these two provisions out of the bill but won’t know until it is fully considered by the House and Senate.
The best thing you can do now is to write your Representative and Senator today to tell them to oppose Sections 138312 and 138314 so that you can have investment choices off wall street for your IRA.
6. Do you have any resources to share when writing or speaking to members of the House and Senate (and their staff)?
Yes, please see the resource below which is a quick summary of how the bill hurts IRA savers and the economy. We will be adding more resources and information as the bill develops.
Everyday IRA Savers Hurt by IRA Provisions
7. Will There be More Information Coming, How Do I Stay Up to Date?
My partner Mark J. Kohler and I will have a live broadcast this Thursday, Sept 23rd at 4 MTN. Sign-up for our newsletter (see sign up at bottom of page) or follow our social channels for updates and information.
8. Where Can I Read the Bill and the Summary from Congress?
House Tax Bill Summary From Ways and Means Committee (IRA Sections are138301 to 138315) House Ways and Means Tax Title Section-by-Section Explanation
House Bill Full Text House Ways and Means Neal Tax Bill
by Mat Sorensen | Nov 7, 2016 | Tax & Legal Updates and Policy Changes, Uncategorized
In 2012, the SEC and NASAA issued Investor Notice 5866, Self-Directed IRAs and the Risk of Fraud. In the notice, the SEC and NASAA outlined how self directed IRAs can be susceptible to numerous types of fraud and how self directed IRA investors can be bilked. The notice outlined some significant cases where investors with self directed IRAs were involved and where the investors incurred significant losses as a result of fraud and misrepresentations in the companies where the self directed IRAs invested.
The due diligence issues for self directed IRAs are not any different from the due diligence issues for individual investors. The concern, however, is that for many self directed IRA investors, their retirement account is their largest source of funds. Consequently, those accounts can be targeted by crooks. The bottom-line point of the SEC Notice is that self directed IRA owners should carefully conduct due diligence before investing their self directed IRA funds.
I have my own thoughts as to appropriate due diligence, which are in accordance with the SEC Notice, and I have outlined those thoughts in the following due diligence “top ten list”.
DUE DILIGENCE TOP TEN LIST
Before you invest your self directed IRA into a “non-traditional” private business or into a real estate investment, you need to ask some hard questions to the person or business receiving your money. Here are some tips to minimize investment risks with your self directed IRA.
- Don’t Understand, Don’t Invest. If you don’t understand how the business or investment makes the returns being promised, then don’t invest.
- Demand Documentation of Promises. If you aren’t given adequate documents outlining what has been explained to you verbally or what has been put into a presentation, then don’t invest.
- Don’t Accept Commissions for Raising Money if You Aren’t Licensed. If you’re told that you can get a commission for bringing others to invest into the same company and if you don’t have a license to receive such commissions, then don’t invest. If the investment sponsors are willing to violate the law to pay a non-licensed person to raise money from others, then what’s stopping them from misappropriating your IRA investment? It is only the law preventing them, which they’ve proved they will disregard.
- Get Security. If your self directed IRA is loaning money for a real estate venture, then demand a recorded deed of trust or mortgage on title to the property, protecting your investment. Also, make sure that you get a copy of the title report or commitment showing what position your loan is being placed into when the deed of trust or mortgage is recorded. Many savvy investors (and what all banks do) create lending instructions to the title company or attorney closing the real estate transaction that instruct the closing agent to only use the funds being loaned when the borrower signs the note/loan documents, when the closing agent verifies the priority of the deed of trust or mortgage you are getting (1stposition, 2nd, etc.), and when all other defects to title have been cleared.
- Research Management and Company Status. If you’re investing into a PPM, a private offering, or a crowdfunding offering, you should receive numerous documents outlining the investment, the use of funds, the background of those managing the company, and also documents regarding your rights as an investor (e.g., offering memorandum and LLC operating agreement or LP limited partnership agreement). Also, check to see if the PPM or private offering was properly filed with the SEC by going to SEC.gov and checking the company name in the SEC database. If no filing record exists for the PPM or private offering with the SEC, then the person raising the funds has possibly disregarded the law. As stated earlier, if someone is willing to disregard the law to get your money, what is stopping them from disregarding the law to not pay you back (it’s just the law)?
- Investigate Backgrounds of Persons You’re Entrusting Your Money to. Investigate the background of the person(s) with whom you are entrusting your money. When you are investing with others, you need to think like the bank and do what the bank does. What is this person’s credit worthiness? What is their employment or prior business experience? What is their business or investment plan? What are the terms of the investment? Is there a realistic rate of return that fairly recognizes the risk being taken?
- Don’t Be Hurried. If you’re pressured that this opportunity will pass if your self directed IRA doesn’t invest now, then let the opportunity pass. Most scams use this technique, and most legitimate investments never have this funding crisis.
- Engage a Lawyers to Look Out For Your Interests. Make sure a lawyer representing your interests reviews the documents. If a lawyer drafted the documents, it is still important to have a lawyer look at the documents as they relate to your interests and with an eye towards protecting your self directed IRA. Sometimes, unfortunately, the devil is in the details, and many investments have clauses that can significantly impact your ability to get your money back or that give the company raising the money the ability to pay whatever compensation to themselves that they desire. These are obvious problems that will eat into the bottom line of the profits you may be expecting.
- Seek Opinion of Friend or Fellow Investor. Seek the opinion of another investor, business owner, or friend whose opinion you trust. Sometimes, when you explain the investment to someone else, he or she can help you find issues to consider and questions you should be asking.
- Get Comfortable Saying No. Be comfortable saying no and only invest what you are willing to lose. Non-traditional investments have made many millionaires over the years, but they have also caused some financial ruin. Just keep the risk in perspective and don’t “bet the farm” in one deal.
Don’t be scared about investing into non-traditional investments. Just remember though that you may need to get out of your comfort zone by asking lots of questions, by demanding additional documentation, or by simply saying no. Remember, you are the best person to protect yourself. So do it.
This article is a modified except from The Self Directed IRA Handbook.
By: Mat Sorensen, Attorney and Author of The Self Directed IRA Handbook.
by Mat Sorensen | Mar 1, 2016 | Tax & Legal Updates and Policy Changes, Uncategorized
In 2012, the JOBS Act amended the rules for private placement offerings (aka “PPMs”) to allow companies to advertise and solicit their offerings to prospective investors. Under prior law, a PPM could not be marketed or solicited to people whom the offeror did not have an existing relationship with. Hence, the use of the word “private offering” in the labeling of these types of investments.
This new type of offering allows advertising and general solicitation and is known as a Rule 506 (c) Offering. Under Rule 506 (c), the company raising money could create a website soliciting the funds, or they could hold seminars or meetings with potential investors and could solicit the investment of funds from those in attendance. This is a significant change to the prior offering rules that clearly prohibit such activities.
Under the new Rule 506 (c) Offering there is one hitch: the person raising funds may only accept funds from accredited investors. An accredited investor is someone who has $200K in annual income ($300K if married) or $1M in net worth (excluding equity in home). The accredited investor status must be documented by the investor or certified by a third party such as an accountant or financial planner. This verification rule is a new requirement for Rule 506 (c) Offerings and is ALWAYS required if you make general solicitation and marketing efforts for investors.
Under the traditional Rule 506 offering, now known as Rule 506 (b), you may not make general solicitations for investors and that is the major downside. However, you may raise money from up to 35 unaccredited investors per offering and that is something you cannot do under the new Rule 506 (c). Keep in mind, the offering must remain private. So, moving forward, those seeking to raise money under Regulation D approved offerings have two options. First, raise money under the current rule and you can accept up to 35 unaccredited investors but are restricted from advertising. Or, second, only accept money from accredited investors but be allowed to advertise the offering. You don’t get both options in one (advertising and unaccredited investors) but at least you now have another option in being allowed to advertise and solicit under the new rules.
Here’s a quick chart the outlines the two Rule 506 Options. The key differences are highlighted below.
|
Rule 506 (b) |
Rule 506 (c) |
|
Total Amount You Can Raise
|
Unlimited |
Unlimited |
| Offering Docs Required
|
Offering Memorandum, Sec Form D Filing, State Securities Filing, Company LP or Operating Agreement, Investor Suitability Quest. |
Offering Memorandum, Sec Form D Filing, State Securities Filing, Company LP or Operating Agreement, Investor Suitability Quest.
|
| Accredited Investors |
Un-limited accredited investors and up to 35 unaccredited investors who are sophisticated enough to invest.
|
Accredited investors only. Unlimited accredited investors. Must verify they are accredited. |
| Marketing of Offering |
Must remain private. Can only market to persons with an existing relationship. |
Marketing and general solicitations are allowed. You amy market via websites, e-mail campaigns, and at events or meetings. |
