2014 Retirement Plan Contribution Deadlines: Start Planning Now & Don’t Get Left Behind

by | Nov 25, 2014 | Retirement & IRAs

Retirement account/plan contributions are one of the most powerful tax strategies you can implement but you’ve got to make them by the deadline so that they can reduce this years tax liability. With the end of the year fast approaching, now is the time to make certain you are maximizing this important tax strategy for your 2014 tax planning. Please find below a table outlining the deadlines for 2014 retirement plan contributions according to your type of retirement account.  If you are self-employed, you’ll notice the deadline also may depend on the type of company you own (e.g. s-corp or LLC)  but also whether you are making contributions as an employee of your company and/or as the employer. First, let’s summarize the IRA contribution deadlines.

IRA Contribution Deadlines

Type of IRA Contribution Type Deadline Details
Traditional IRA Traditional, Deductible April 15, 2015, Due Date for Individual Tax Return Filing (not including extensions).  IRC § 219(f)(3); You can file your return claiming a contribution before the contribution is actually made.  Rev. Rul. 84-18.
Roth IRA Roth, Not Deductible April 15, 2015, Due Date for Individual Tax Return Filing (not including extensions). IRC § 408A(c)(7).
SEP IRA Employee N/A; employee contributions cannot be made to a SEP IRA plan.
Employer Contribution March 15/April 15th, Due Date for Company Tax Return Filing (including extensions).  IRC § 404(h)(1)(B).
Simple IRA  Employee Elective Deferral January 30, 2015.  IRC § 408(p)(5)(A)(i).
Employer Contribution March 15/April 15, Due Date for Company Tax Return Filing (including extensions).  IRC § 408(p)(5)(A)(ii).

 

In summary, for traditional and roth IRA contributions you have until the individual tax return deadline of April 15, 2015 to make 2014 contributions. SEP and SIMPLE IRA contribution deadlines are based on the company tax return deadline which could be March 15th if the company is a corporation and April 15th if it is a sole proprietorship or partnership. Keep in mind that this deadline does NOT include extensions so even if you extend your personal tax return filing to September 15, 2015, you still have a April 15, 2015, contribution deadline for Roth and Traditional IRAs.

401(k) Contribution Deadlines

Solo 401(k) Business Structure Type of Cont. Deadline Details
401(k), including self-directed Solo 401(k) (plan must be adopted by 12/31/14) Sole Proprietorship Employee Elective DeferralContribution April 15, 2015, contribution deadline is Due Date for Employer Tax Return (including extensions) but compensation must have been earned by December 31, 2014 and election should be made by December 31, 2014; IRS Publication 560.  Rev. Rul. 76-28; 90-105.
Employer Profit Sharing Contribution April 15, 2015, Due Date for Company Tax Return Filing, including extensions, however employee compensation must have been earned by December 31, 2014.  IRC § 404(a)(6).  Rev. Rul. 76-28; 90-105.
S-CorporationOr C-Corporation Employee Elective Deferral contribution March 15, 2015 (corporation filing deadline), contribution deadline is Due Date for Employer Tax Return (including extensions) but compensation must have been earned by December 31, 2014 and election should be made by December 31, 2014;  IRS Publication 560.  Rev. Rul. 76-28; 90-105.
Employer Profit Sharing Contribution March 15, 2015, Due Date for Company Tax Return Filing, including extensions, however employee compensation must have been earned by December 31, 2014.  IRC § 404(a)(6).  Rev. Rul. 76-28; 90-105
Partnership (e.g. partnership LLC) Employee Elective Deferral Contribution April 15, 2015 (partnership return filing deadline), contribution deadline is Due Date for Employer Tax Return (including extensions) but compensation must have been earned by December 31, 2014 and Election should be made by December 31, 2014;  IRS Publication 560.  Rev. Rul. 76-28; 90-105.
Employer Profit Sharing Contribution April 15, 2015, Due Date for Company Tax Return Filing, including extensions, however employee compensation must have been earned by December 31, 2014.  IRC § 404(a)(6).  Rev. Rul. 76-28; 90-105.

 

There are a few important things to keep in mind regarding 401(k) contributions.

401(k) Contribution Deadlines Can Be Extended

First, the contribution deadline for employer and employee contributions is the company tax return deadline INCUDLING extensions. So, if you have a solo 401(k) you can extend your company tax return and your contribution deadline is also automatically extended. For example, if you have a solo 401(k) plan adopted by your s-corporation, then your s-corporation tax return deadline is March 15, 2015, but that can be extended 6 months until September 15, 2015, upon filing an extension to extend the company tax return with the IRS. If you do this, you’d have until September 15, 2015, to make the 2014 employee and employer contributions. That being said, the employee contributions are taken from your salary/wages and if you make traditional 401(k) employee contributions those amounts are reported on your personal W-2 and reduce your taxable wages. The W-2 is effectively where your tax deduction for traditional employee contribution arises is it reduces your taxable wages on your W-2.  As a result, you’ll need to make or at least know the amount you intend to make for employee contributions by January 31, 2015 as that is the W-2 filing deadline for 2014.

New 401(k)s Must Be Adopted by December 31st

Second, if you are establishing a new Roth or Traditional IRA, you can create that new account at the time of the IRA contribution deadline. However, if you are establishing a new solo 401(k) plan, you must have the plan established by December 31, 2014. Because there are a number of documents and procedures required to create a new 401(k) plan, this is not something that can be left to the last minute and you should start immediately if you intend to open a 401(k) this year.

Make 2014 Contributions in 2014

And lastly, while the deadlines for most 2014 retirement plan contributions for IRAs and 401(k)s runs into 2015, to keep things simple and stress-free we recommend making 2014 contributions by December 31, 2014, when possible.

As you can see, the contribution deadlines vary depending on the type of account/plan but also on the type of contribution.  With respect to contributions to a self-directed solo 401(k), the contribution deadline also varies depending on the type of company you own that has adopted the plan.  Therefore, it is important that you understand these deadlines and don’t miss out on an opportunity to maximize your tax deductions.  For guidance on the contribution limits in 2014, please click here.

As previously stated, it is not too late to setup a retirement account/plan if you have not done so already.  The deadline to set up a 401(k) and to make contributions for 2014 is typically the last day of the year, although I wouldn’t wait until the last day or even the last week of the year to do so.  If you are interested in setting up a self-directed solo 401(k), please contact us immediately as we are helping clients establish these and so that we can get it set up before the end of the year.

INHERITED IRA U.S. SUPREME COURT CASE UPDATE & 3 OTHER IMPORTANT FACTS ON INHERITED IRAS & CREDITORS

by | Jun 24, 2014 | Retirement & IRAs

The United States Supreme Court recently issued a 9-0 opinion holding that inherited IRAs are not exempt and protected from creditors in bankruptcy. As a general rule, IRAs receive special protections from creditors and cannot be reached by the creditors of the account owner. In Clark v. Rameker Trustee, Clark inherited her mother’s large IRA upon her mother’s death. Nine years later, Clark filed bankruptcy and sought to protect the inherited IRA from the reach of her own creditors. Under the bankruptcy code, “retirement funds” are protected from the reach of creditors and may generally be kept by the owner following bankruptcy. Justice Sotomayor, who wrote the opinion of the Court, wrote that inherited IRAs (not to include spousal inherited accounts) do not constitute “retirement funds” for three reasons. First, the owner cannot continue to contribute to the account. Inherited IRAs remain in the deceased owner’s name and cannot receive additional contributions from an heir. Second, the new owner is forced to take required minimum distributions from the account under a different set of rules than typical retirement accounts. And third, the account owner may withdraw the balance at any time without a 10% early withdrawal penalty. Because of these reasons the Court held that inherited IRAs are not “retirement funds” within the meaning of IRC 408 and as a result they are not protected from creditors. Consequently, the Clark’s entire inherited IRA is subject to the claims of creditors in bankruptcy.

In addition to the Court’s ruling in Clark, it is important to note three other facts regarding inherited retirement accounts and creditors.

  1. IRAs Inherited From a Spouse. When a surviving spouse inherits a retirement plan from a deceased spouse, the surviving spouse may simply roll over the deceased spouses account into an IRA owned by the surviving spouse and the retirement funds become a new account or add to an existing account of the surviving spouse. This is different from a non-spousal inherited account that was involved in the Clark case. Spousal inherited IRA funds go into the surviving spouses own IRA and are subject to the typical retirement plan rules. Because of this, inherited spousal retirement plans funds are different than that of non-spousal inherited funds and are not subject to the Court’s holding in Clark.
  2. Certain States Specifically Protect Inherited IRAs. When in bankruptcy a debtor can seek the protection of certain assets from creditors under federal exemptions and/or they can seek the protection of certain assets (such as IRAs) under the laws of their State. Under the laws of a few states, inherited IRAs are specifically protected from creditors and as a result the Court’s opinion in Clark would likely not apply. Those states include, Arizona, Texas, and Florida.
  3. Consider an IRA Trust For Large IRAs. If you have an estate comprised of significant IRA holdings, you may be able to establish a special IRA Trust, which can be used to shelter your IRA funds from your heir’s creditors. A trust should only be listed as a beneficiary of an IRA upon careful planning and consideration as the Trust needs to contain certain provisions in order to qualify as a valid trust under retirement plan rules.

Since inherited IRAs have special rules and procedures, it is recommended that person’s with large IRAs seek the guidance and assistance of an attorney in planning their estate and retirement fund’s future. Also, if you have an inherited IRA and are considering bankruptcy, stop, consult, and plan with the proper counsel lest you lose the account to creditors.

By: Mat Sorensen, Attorney and Author of The Self Directed IRA Handbook

Roth IRAs Are for High-Income Earners, Too

by | Jun 3, 2014 | Retirement & IRAs

A pug puppy sadly starting at it's owner as the other puppies sit together with the text "Roth IRAs Are for High-Income Earners, Too"Roth IRAs can be established and funded for high-income earners by using what is known as the “back door” Roth IRA contribution method. Many high-income earners believe that they can’t contribute to a Roth IRA because they make too much money and/or because they participate in a company 401k plan. Fortunately, this thinking is wrong. While direct contributions to a Roth IRA are limited to taxpayers with income in excess of $129,000 ($191,000 for married taxpayers), those whose income exceeds these amounts may make annual contributions to a non-deductible traditional IRA and then convert those amounts over to a Roth IRA.

Examples

Here’s a few examples of earners who can establish and fund a Roth IRA.

  1. I’m a high-income earner and work for a company who offers a company 401(k) plan. I contribute the maximum amount to that plan each year. Can I establish and fund a Roth IRA? Yes, even though you are high-income and even though you participate in a company 401(k) plan, you can establish and fund a Roth IRA.
  2. I’m self-employed and earn over $200,000 a year; can I have a Roth IRA? Isn’t my income too high? Yes, you can contribute to a Roth IRA despite having income that exceeds the Roth IRA income contribution limits of $191,000 for married taxpayers and $129,000 for single taxpayers.

The Process

The strategy used by high-income earners to make Roth IRA contributions involves the making of non-deductible contributions to a traditional IRA and then converting those funds in the non-deductible traditional IRA to a Roth IRA. This is often times referred to as a “back door” Roth IRA. In the end, you don’t get a tax deduction the amounts contributed but the funds are held in a Roth IRA and grow and come at tax-free upon retirement (just like a Roth IRA). Here’s how it works.

Step 1: Fund a new non-deductible traditional IRA

This IRA is “non-deductible” because high-income earners who participate in a company retirement plan (or who have a spouse who does) can’t also make “deductible” contributions to an IRA. The account can, however, be funded by non-deductible amounts up to the IRA annual contribution amounts of $5,500. The non-deductible contributions mean you don’t get a tax deduction on the amounts contributed to the traditional IRA. Don’t worry about having non-deductible contributions though as you’re converting to a Roth IRA so you don’t want a deduction for the funds contributed. If you did get a deduction for the contribution, you’d have to pay taxes on the amounts later converted to Roth. You’ll need to file IRS form 8606 for the tax year in which you make non-deductible IRA contributions. The form can be found here.

If you’re a high-income earner and you don’t have a company based retirement plan (or a spouse with one), then you simply establish a standard deductible traditional IRA, as there is no high-income contribution limitation on traditional IRAs when you don’t participate in a company plan.

Step 2: Convert the non-deductible traditional IRA funds to a Roth IRA

In 2010, the limitations on Roth IRA conversions, which previously restricted Roth IRA conversions for high-income earners, was removed. As a result, since 2010 all taxpayers are able to covert traditional IRA funds to Roth IRAs. It was in 2010 that this back door Roth IRA contribution strategy was first utilized as it relied on the ability to convert funds from traditional to Roth. It has been used by thousands of Americans since.

If you have other existing traditional IRAs, then the tax treatment of your conversion to Roth becomes a little more complicated as you must take into account those existing IRA funds when undertaking a conversion (including SEPs and SIMPLE IRAs). If the only IRA you have is the non-deductible IRA, then the conversion is easy because you convert the entire non-deductible IRA amount over to Roth with no tax on the conversion. Remember, you didn’t get a deduction into the non-deductible traditional IRA so there is not tax to apply on conversions. On the other hand, if you have an existing IRA with say $95,000 in it and you have $5,000 in non-deductible traditional IRA contributions in another account that you wish to convert to Roth, then the IRS requires you to covert over your IRA funds in equal parts deductible (the $95K bucket) and non-deductible amounts (the new $5K) based on the money you have in all traditional IRAs. So, if you wanted to convert $10,000, then you’d have to convert $9,500 (95%) of your deductible bucket, which portion of conversion is subject to tax, and $500 of you non-deductible bucket, which isn’t subject to tax upon once converted. Consequently, the “back door” Roth IRA isn’t well suited when you have existing traditional IRAs that contain deductible contributions and earnings from those sums.

There are two work-arounds to this Roth IRA conversion problem and both revolve around moving the existing traditional IRA funds into a 401(k) or other employer based plan as employer plan funds are not considered when determining what portions of the traditional IRAs are subject to tax on conversion (the deductible AND the non-deductible). If you participate in an existing company 401(k) plan, then you may roll over your traditional IRA funds into that 401(k) plan. Most 401(k) plans allows for this rollover from IRA to 401(k) so long as you are still employed by that company. If you are self-employed, you may establish a solo or owner only 401(k) plan and you can roll over your traditional IRA dollars into this 401(k). In the end though, if you can’t roll out existing traditional IRA funds into a 401(k), then the “back door” Roth IRA is going to cause some tax repercussions, as you also have to convert a portion of the existing traditional IRA funds, which will cause taxes upon conversion. Taxes on conversion aren’t “the end of the world” though as all of the money that comes out of that traditional IRA would be subject to tax at some point in time. The only issue is it causes a big tax bill now so careful planning must be taken.

The bottom line is that Roth IRAs can be established and funded by high-income earners. Don’t consider yourself “left out” on one of the greatest tax strategies offered to Americans: the Roth IRA.

SEC NOTICE 5866 & SELF DIRECTED IRA DUE DILIGENCE

by | Apr 22, 2014 | Retirement & IRAs, Tax & Legal Updates and Policy Changes

In 2012, the SEC and NASAA issued Investor Notice 5866, Self-Directed IRAs and the Risk of Fraud. In the notice, the SEC and NASAA outlined how self directed IRAs can be susceptible to numerous types of fraud and how self directed IRA investors can be bilked. The notice outlined some significant cases where investors with self directed IRAs were involved and where the investors incurred significant losses as a result of fraud and misrepresentations in the companies where the self directed IRAs invested.

The due diligence issues for self directed IRAs are not any different from the due diligence issues for individual investors. The concern, however, is that for many self directed IRA investors, their retirement account is their largest source of funds. Consequently, those accounts can be targeted by crooks. The bottom-line point of the SEC Notice is that self directed IRA owners should carefully conduct due diligence before investing their self directed IRA funds.

I have my own thoughts as to appropriate due diligence, which are in accordance with the SEC Notice, and I have outlined those thoughts in the following due diligence “top ten list”.

DUE DILIGENCE TOP TEN LIST

Before you invest your self directed IRA into a “non-traditional” private business or into a real estate investment, you need to ask some hard questions to the person or business receiving your money. Here are some tips to minimize investment risks with your self directed IRA.

  1. If you don’t understand how the business or investment makes the returns being promised, then don’t invest.
  2. If you aren’t given adequate documents outlining what has been explained to you verbally or what has been put into a presentation, then don’t invest.
  3. If you’re told that you can get a commission for bringing others to invest into the same company and if you don’t have a license to receive such commissions, then don’t invest. If the investment sponsors are willing to violate the law to pay an non-licensed person to raise money from others, then what’s stopping them from misappropriating your IRA investment? It is only the law preventing them, which they’ve proved they will disregard.
  4. If your self directed IRA is loaning money for a real estate venture, then demand a recorded deed of trust or mortgage on title to the property, protecting your investment. Also, make sure that you get a copy of the title report or commitment showing what position your loan is being placed into when the deed of trust or mortgage is recorded. Many savvy investors (and what all banks do) create lending instructions to the title company or attorney closing the real estate transaction that instruct the closing agent to only use the funds being loaned when the borrower signs the note/loan documents, when the closing agent verifies the priority of the deed of trust or mortgage you are getting (1st position, 2nd, etc.), and when all other defects to title have been cleared.
  5. If you’re investing into a PPM, a private offering, or a crowdfunding offering, you should receive numerous documents outlining the investment, the use of funds, the background of those managing the company, and also documents regarding your rights as an investor (e.g., offering memorandum and LLC operating agreement or LP limited partnership agreement). Also, check to see if the PPM or private offering was properly filed with the SEC by going to SEC.gov and checking the company name in the SEC database. If no filing record exists for the PPM or private offering with the SEC, then the person raising the funds has possibly disregarded the law. As stated earlier, if someone is willing to disregard the law to get your money, what is stopping them from disregarding the law to not pay you back (it’s just the law)?
  6. Investigate the background of the person(s) with whom you are entrusting your money. When you are investing with others, you need to think like the bank and do what the bank does. What is this person’s credit worthiness? What is their employment or prior business experience? What is their business or investment plan? What are the terms of the investment? Is there a realistic rate of return that fairly recognizes the risk being taken?
  7. If you’re pressured that this opportunity will pass if your self directed IRA doesn’t invest now, then let the opportunity pass. Most scams use this technique, and most legitimate investments never have this funding crisis.
  8. Make sure a lawyer representing your interests reviews the documents. If a lawyer drafted the documents, it is still important to have a lawyer look at the documents as they relate to your interests and with an eye towards protecting your self directed IRA. Sometimes, unfortunately, the devil is in the details, and many investments have clauses that can significantly impact your ability to get your money back or that give the company raising the money the ability to pay whatever compensation to themselves that they desire. These are obvious problems that will eat into the bottom line of the profits you may be expecting.
  9. Seek the opinion of another investor, business owner, or friend whose opinion you trust. Sometimes, when you explain the investment to someone else, he or she can help you find issues to consider and questions you should be asking.
  10. Be comfortable saying no and only invest what you are willing to lose. Non-traditional investments have made many millionaires over the years, but they have also caused lots of financial ruin. Just keep the risk in perspective and don’t “bet the farm” in one deal.

I don’t want investors to be scared about self directed IRA investments, but I also don’t want investors going into them without having conducted adequate due diligence. It seems that some investors determine whether their IRA can invest based on the prohibited transaction rules but they neglect to determine whether their IRA should invest. Keep in mind that you can make great investment decisions that result in large gains in your self directed IRA, and you can also make terrible decisions that can result in huge losses for your self directed IRA. It’s all up to you.

Just remember that you, the self directed IRA owner, may need to get out of your comfort zone by asking a lot of questions, by demanding additional documentation, or by simply saying no. Remember: you are the best person to protect your self directed IRA.

This article is a modified except from The Self Directed IRA Handbook. 

By: Mat Sorensen, Attorney and Author of The Self Directed IRA Handbook.

Crowdfunding & Self-Directed IRAs: What Every Investor, Portal, and Offering Company Should Know

by | Apr 1, 2014 | Retirement & IRAs

Crowdfunding is the newest form of raising capital for small businesses and start-ups and it will eventually dominate as a primary method of raising capital in amounts under $1,000,000. In essence, Crowdfunding relaxes the current securities law restrictions, which make it nearly impossible for a small business or budding entrepreneur to raise capital from others. The basic premise of the Crowdfunding exemption to the securities laws is that the laws are loosened so long as the total amounts being raised are capped ($1M) and so long as each investor is only allowed to invest only a small portion of their income or net worth. For a breakdown on the details of the Crowdfunding rules, check out my prior article here. Keep in mind; the final rules still haven’t been put in effect so Crowdfunding hasn’t started yet. But we’re getting close.

Because the typical investor of a Crowdfunding company is likely to have more investible funds in their retirement account then in their personal account, it is my prediction, and this is shared by many, that self-directed IRAs will become a very popular investment vehicle and funding source for Crowdfunding deals. A self directed IRA is an IRA with a custodian or administrator whereby the IRA can invest into any investment allowed by law. The IRA is not restricted into only investing into publicly traded stocks, bonds, or mutual funds but can instead invest into real estate, private companies, or in a company via a Crowdfunding offering. The companies who offer these types of IRAs are referred to as self-directed custodians.

Before IRA money is invested in a Crowdfunding offering, the parties involved (investor, offering company, portal) should be aware of the following issues that are unique to Crowdfunding where an IRA is involved.

  1. UBIT Tax. There is a tax that can apply to an IRA called unrelated business income tax (“UBIT”). IRC 512. This tax doesn’t apply to IRAs in passive investments like rental real estate, capital gains, or on dividend profits from a C-Corp (e.g. what you get from publicly traded stock owned by your IRA) as those types of income are specifically exempt from UBIT tax. However, one situation when an IRA is subject to UBIT tax is on profits from an LLC or LP where the profits are derived from ordinary income activities like the selling of goods or services. So, for example, if my IRA bought LLC units in a company that manufactured and sold a new yard tool then the profits that are returned to my IRA is ordinary income (where no corporate tax was paid) and will be subject to UBIT tax. The UBIT tax rate is 39.6% once you have $12,000 of annual net profits. Being subject to UBIT tax isn’t the end of the world and there are some structuring options to minimize the tax such as a c-corp blocker company which can cut the tax rate in half in many instances.
  2. Avoid Perks. Many Crowdfunding offerings promise free products or special services to the shareholders/owners that invest through the Crowdfunding offering. Unfortunately, these perks to self-directed IRA owners will likely constitute a self-dealing prohibited transaction and will result in disqualification of the IRA. A self-dealing prohibited transaction occurs when and IRA owner receives personal compensation or otherwise personally benefits from an IRA’s investment. IRC 4975 (c)(1)(F). As a result, perks to self-directed IRA owners should be provided only when it has been determined that they would not result in a self-dealing prohibited transaction.
  3. No S-Corporations. An IRA cannot become a shareholder in an s-corporation because IRAs do not qualify as an s-corporation shareholder under the tax laws. IRC 1361 (b)(1)(B).  Consequently, IRAs should not invest in companies that are s-corporations.
  4. Watch Out for Companies Owned or Managed by Family. The tax laws restrict your IRA from investing into companies where you or a family member (e.g., spouse, children, parents) are owners or members of management. IRC 4975(c). As a result, if the Crowdfunding offering is offered by a family member or if a family member is involved in management, make sure you consult with an attorney prior to investing your IRA into the Crowdfunding offering as it could result in a prohibited transaction for your IRA.

The rules regarding self-directed IRAs can be a little tricky at first, but once learned they can be easily applied to common Crowdfunding scenarios. In summary, before investing your self-directed IRA into a Crowdfunding offering, make sure you add the above items to your due diligence check-list. Failure to properly understand these rules can result in taxes (e.g. UBIT tax) or disqualification of your IRA (e.g. prohibited transaction).

By: Mat Sorensen, Attorney and Author of The Self Directed IRA Handbook.

2014 RETIREMENT PLAN & HSA CONTRIBUTION LIMITS

by | Dec 3, 2013 | Retirement & IRAs

The IRS recently announced the 2014 retirement plan contributions limits. The only significant changes in contributions amounts were for SEP IRAs Defined Benefit Plans. SEP IRA annual maximum contributions increase in 2014 from $51,000 to $52,000. Defined Benefit contributions increase in 2014 from $205,000 to $210,000.

Contributions limits for Roth and Traditional IRAs remain unchanged with annual contribution limits of $5,500 and an additional $1,000 for those 50 and older. Also unchanged are 401(k) employee contributions which remain at $17,500 annually with an additional $5,500 for those 50 and older.

On the HSA and FSA fronts there are two major changes for 2014. First, amounts placed into an FSA (flexible spending accounts) can now roll over from year to year. Previously, amounts placed in a FSA were subject to a use it or lose type system. HSA contribution limits increase in 2014 for individual accounts from $3,250 to $3,300 and for family accounts from $6,450 to $6,550.

All of these accounts provide tax advantageous ways for an individual to either save for retirement or to pay for their medical expenses. If you’re looking for tax deductions, you should determine which of these accounts is best for you. Keep in mind there are qualification and phase out rules that apply so make sure you are getting competent advice about which accounts should be set up in your specific situation.

By: Mat Sorensen